Category - Antipyretic
Introduction:
Ibuprofen is a painkiller available over the counter medicine which can be taken without the prescription. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to mitigate pain from many circumstances such as headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis.
It is also used commonly as a pain relief and fever and to Alleviate aches and pain due to frequent cold or flu. The medicine is available in the following dosage form.
● Tablet,
● Chewable Tablet
● Suspension
Uses:
How to consume:
Take this drug as prescribed by the doctor. This medicine can be taken by mouth, normally every 4 to 6 hours with a full glass of water. Do not take a nap for at least 10 minutes after taking the medicine. If you have stomach upset while taking this drug, take it with food, milk, or an antacid.
When ibuprofen medicine is given to children, remember that the dose is based on the child’s weight. Study the package guidance to find the proper dose for your child’s weight.
The analgesic effect of ibuprofen starts shortly after taking a dose, but the anti-inflammatory effect can sometimes appear. Avoid excessive heat and humidity and store at normal room temperature.
Duration between two doses:
If you consume the drug 4 times a day, leave at least 4 hours between the doses. If you have a pain all the time, your doctor may recommend slow-release ibuprofen tablets or capsules. You will generally take once a day in the evening or twice a day.
Leave a gap of 10 to 12 hours between doses, if you’re consuming ibuprofen medicine twice a day.
Side effects:
Ibuprofen side effects commonly happen to 1 in 100 people.
● Headache
● Feeling dizzy
● Feeling sick
● Being sick
● Indigestion
Serious side effects – stop taking ibuprofen if you have black poo or blood in your vomit, these can be signs of bleeding in your stomach. Swollen ankles, blood in your pee or not peeing at all, these signs can be indications of a kidney problem.
Drug mechanism:
Pharmacokinetics:
Ibuprofen is quickly metabolized and bio transformed in the liver to the major metabolites hydroxy and carboxy derivatives.10 After absorption, the R enantiomer undergoes significant enantiomeric conversion. (53-65%) into S enantiomers in vivo by alpha-methyl acyl-CoA racemase activity.
Pharmacodynamics:
Ibuprofen has numerous effects on unlike inflammatory pathways involved in chronic and mild inflammation. The important results of ibuprofen are related to the control of fever, pain and acute or mild inflammation by inhibiting the production of proteinoids by COX-1 and COX-2. Pain relief is attributed to peripheral affected areas and central nervous system influence on pain transmission mediated by the dorsal horn and supra spinothalamic tract. Several reports have attempted to link pain modulation with potential enhancement of endocannabinoid synthesis and action on NMDA receptors. Effects on pain have been shown to be related to cortical evoked potentials.
Safety measures:
When to see doctor:
If you have blistering, peeling, loosening skin, chills, cough, diarrhea, fever, itching, joint or muscle pain, red skin lesions, sore throat, sores, ulcers, white spots on mouth or on lips, or unusual tiredness or weakness. Then visit your nearest physicians.
Allergic reactions:
The use of ibuprofen can have a critical allergic effect and is more frequent in people allergic to aspirin. Ibuprofen-related allergic reactions may be either immunoglobin E(IgE)-medicated or non-IgE medicated. Some of the symptoms to allergy are:
● Facial swelling
● Rash
● Asthma
● Difficulty breathing
● Shock
● Skin reddening
Available dosage form:
Forms:
Tablets - Oral tablets
Strength - 100mg, 200mg,400mg, 600mg, 800mg
Capsules
Strength - 200mg
Suspensions - Oral suspensions
Strength - 100mg/5ml, 40mg/5ml.
Child dosage:
Children over 2 years of age – dose must be determined by your doctor
Children 6 months of age till to 2 years – dose is based on body weight and body temperature, and must be determined by your physician. Usually is 10 milligrams (mg) per kilograms (kg) of body.
Infants younger than 6 months of age – the dosage must be determined by the doctor.
Adult dosage:
For mild to moderate pain 400mg for every four to six hours, as needed.
For osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis – 1200 mg to 3000 mg per day in three or four equal doses.
Important note:
You shouldn’t take ibuprofen:
If you have unpleasant reactions or hypersensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDS.
If have current stomach ulcer.
You have severe heart failure.
You have severe liver disease.
You should take ibuprofen medicine with safety if you’re aged 65 or over, breastfeeding. Or you have
1. Asthma.
2. Kidney to liver problems.
3. Lupus.
4. Crohn’s disease.
5. High blood pressure.
Pregnant women shouldn’t take ibuprofen unless directed by doctor.
Available brands:
Reference:
Indian pharmacopeia
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