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Category-Analgesic
Introduction:
Morphine is a powerful and effective pain reducing medication that has been used for centuries to manage a variety of painful conditions. Derived from the opium poppy plant, morphine is an opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system to block pain signals and produce feelings of euphoria and relaxation
Morphine can be taken for chronic as well as acute pain and is mostly frequently used for pain from myocardial infraction, kidney stones and during labor pain.
Morphine is administered mostly through oral and intravenous (injection)
Uses:
Morphine is used to relieve moderate and severe pain according to the dose of drug.
Morphine can be used in the following conditions:-
Nausea
Moderate pain
Severe pain
Cancer pain
Heart attack pain
Bone and joint pain
Before, during, and also for after surgery pain
Chest pain
Severe cough suppressant
Kidney stone or renal colic pain
Moderate injury pain
How to consume:
Morphine should be taken as per prescribed by the doctor. The dosage form and quantity of the drug might be different for every pain and inflammation
The approximate standard oral dose for morphine is 30mg at interval of 3-4hrs.
The approximate standard parental dose for morphine is 10mg at interval of
3-4hrs.
This medication can be taken with or without food but mostly recommended to take with food with interval of 3-4hrs.
Keep the medication in a tightly closed container, and out of reach of children.
Keep it at room temperature, out of the sun's direct heat, and dry.
Duration between two dose:
Morphine is normally taken at interval of 3-4hrs after food or as per prescribed by the doctor.
It is mostly taken in the format of morning, afternoon and night after breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Side effects:
Some common side effects can be seen after taking Morphine:-
Vomiting
Dizziness
Constipation
Light-headedness
Stomach pain and cramps
Mood changes
Dry mouth
Nervousness
Small pupil( black circles in middle of eye)
Nausea
Sedation
Headache
Dysphoria
Drug Mechanism:
Pharmacokinetics:
Morphine can be administered through various routes, including oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and rectal. Oral morphine is absorbed more slowly and inefficiently than intravenous morphine, and there can be significant variability in the absorption rate depending on the formulation and individual factors.
Morphine readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and can distribute throughout the central nervous system, leading to its potent analgesic effects. The distribution of morphine in the body is highly dependent on blood flow to different tissues.
Morphine is primarily metabolized in the liver through a series of enzymatic reactions.
Several enzymes are involved in the metabolism of morphine, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and sulfotransferases. The activity of these enzymes can vary significantly between individuals, leading to variability in the metabolism of morphine.
Morphine and its metabolites are primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys.
Morphine and its metabolites can also be excreted through the bile and eliminated in the feces.
Pharmacodynamics:
Morphine acts by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
These receptors are called mu, delta and kappa receptors, and they’re responsible for interceding pain signals. When morphine binds to these receptors, it blocks the transmission of pain signals and produces a sense of calm and relaxation
Safety Measures:
You should not take morphine if you have serious asthma or breathing problems, a blockage in your stomach, bowel or an intestinal obstruction know as an paralytic ileus.
To avoid smoking and drinking after taking the medicine.
To avoid taking the medicine for long term.
If you miss the dose, skip it, don’t double it.
For Lungs-Tell your doctor if you have or ever had lung disease like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Do not take any other medicine while consuming the morphine medication or as per prescribed by the doctor
Be careful and keep the medication out of reach of children’s
Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning for child
Tell your doctor if you are allergic to morphine drug
Please let your doctor know if you are nursing a child.
Be aware that this medicine can make you sleepy. Do not drive car or use any machine after taking this medicine
When to see a doctor:
Severe chest pain
Irregular menstruation
Fainting
Hives
Itching
Rash
Swelling of the eyes, face, mouth, lips or mouth
Difficulty in breathing or swallowing
High fever
Decreased sexual desire
Seizures
Loss of appetite
If conditions from this occur you should immediately visit the doctor or it can be dangerous for your health if not cured as soon as possible.
Allergic reactions:
A very severe allergic response to this medication is rare
However get immediate medical assistance if you notice symptoms of a severe allergic reaction including:-
Rash
Itching
Swelling
Severe dizziness
Trouble breathing
Available Dosage Form:
Form:
1. Oral tablet (Capsule)
Strengths: 15mg, 30mg
2. Intravenous (Injection)
Strengths: 10mg, 20mg, 50mg, 100mg
3. Oral Solution
Strengths: 10mg/5ml, 20mg/5ml, 50ml/5ml, 100mg/5ml
Child Dosage-
Dosage for children and adults below 50kgs-
The standard dosage for oral is 0.3mg at interval of 3-4hrs.
The standard dosage for parental is 0.1mg at interval of 3-4hrs.
Adult Dosage-
Dosage for adults above 50kgs-
The standard dosage for oral is 15mg at interval of 3-4hrs.
The standard dosage for parental is 5mg at interval of 3-4hrs.
Important Note:
Opioid medication use during pregnancy might cause newborns to experience life-threatening withdrawal symptoms.
Stop taking all other narcotic pain medication when you start with morphine medication.
To avoid exposure to a potentially fatal overdose, consume the whole capsule or tablet. Do not bite down, break, open, or dissolve it.
Excessive consumption of this medication can cause urination problems, liver or kidney disease.
Do not continue taking of the drug without informing doctor.
Do not consume alcohol after taking the medicine.
Do not increase your dose or use it more frequently or for longer than prescribed.
Follow the complete treatment prescribed by the physician, do not skip a dose in the treatment.
Various brands:
MagnusMR-30mg (Tablet)
VermorSR-10mg (Tablet)
Mitigo (Injection)
Oramorph-10mg/5ml (Oral Suspension)
References:
1) Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP)
Thanks for helpful information 👍
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