Category – Antacid
INTRODUCTION:
Pantoprazole is a medication that belongs to the proton pump inhibitor class of drugs. It is used to treat a range of gastrointestinal conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. By inhibiting the secretion of stomach acid, pantoprazole helps to reduce inflammation and damage to the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
It is available in both prescription and over-the-counter forms and is used to treat a variety of conditions related to excess acid production in the gut.
Pantoprazole was first developed by the German pharmaceutical company, Byk Gulden, in the 1980s. It was approved for medical use in Germany in 1994 and has since become a widely used medication worldwide.
Uses:
How to Consume:
Pantoprazole should be taken as per prescribed by the doctor.
The dosage form and quantity of drug might different for every acid related disorder:-
For Erosive Esophagitis associated with GRED -
The standard oral recommended dose for this disorder is 40mg once per day for upto 8-16 weeks
For maintenance of healing esophageal continue taking 40mg once daily
If oral administration not possible then this medication can be given intravenously (Injection) 40mg once per day for upto 7-10 days.
Treatment of GERD for short period –
The standard oral recommended dose for GERD disorder is 40mg once daily
If oral administration not possible then this medication can be given intravenously (Injection) 40mg once per day for upto 7-10 days.
Hyper-secretory conditions ( Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)
The standard oral recommended dose for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is 40mg once daily
If oral administration not possible then this medication can be given intravenously (Injection) 80mg after every 8-12 hrs for upto 7 days.
Once the patient is able to swallow continue giving oral dose.
Peptic Ulcer Disease:
For Duodenal Ulcer –
The standard oral recommended dose for duodenal ulcer is 40mg once per day for upto 2 weeks.
For Gastric Ulcer –
The standard oral recommended dose for gastric ulcer is 40mg once per day for upto 4 weeks.
Storage Conditions:
Keep the medication in a tightly closed container, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat(sunlight) and moisture.
Duration between two dose:
The duration between each dose of medication varies depending on the specific disease being treated. For acid-related disorders, the standard dose is typically administered once or twice per day. However, for certain conditions, such as those requiring more intensive treatment, the duration between doses may be extended to 8 to 12 hours.
Side effects:
Some common side effects can be seen after taking Pantoprazole:-
Nausea
Headache
Vomiting
Joint pain
Diarrhoea
Dizziness
Drug Mechanism:
Pharmacodynamics:
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like pantoprazole work by blocking the action of the proton pump in the parietal cells. This pump is responsible for producing the acid in the stomach.
By blocking the proton pump, pantoprazole reduces the amount of acid that is produced in the stomach. This can help to alleviate symptoms related to excess acid production, such as heartburn, acid reflux, and ulcers.
Pharmacokinetics:
Pantoprazole can be taken orally as a tablet or capsule. It can also be administered intravenously in hospital settings.
Pantoprazole has a high plasma protein binding rate of approximately 98%. This means that most of the medication in the bloodstream is bound to proteins and is not available for use in the body.
Pantoprazole is largely metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Three main metabolic pathways have been identified: sulfation, glucuronidation, and oxidation. The main metabolites of pantoprazole are the sulfone and dimethyl metabolites. These metabolites are inactive.
After metabolism, pantoprazole is eliminated from the body primarily through the kidneys, with up to 80% of the drug excreted unchanged in urine. The remaining 20% is eliminated in feces.
Safety Measures:
When to see a Doctor:
Bloating of face, eyes, mouth, throat or tongue.
Irregular, rapid or hammering heartbeat.
Uncontrollable shaking of body parts (Muscle Spasms)
Severe diarrhoea
High fever
Light-headedness
Difficulty in breathing
Changes in amount of urination
Excessive tiredness
If condition form this occur you should immediately visit the doctor or it can be dangerous visit the doctor or it can be dangerous for your health if not cured as soon as possible.
Allergic Reactions:
Allergic reaction due to Rabeprazole is rare but get immediate medical assistance if you see any of these symptoms:-
Skin rash.
Itchy skin or red, swollen skin.
Trouble in breathing or talking.
Mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat start swelling.
Available Dosage Form:
Form:
Oral Tablet (delayed release)
Strength: 20mg, 40mg
Oral Suspension
Strength: 40mg/packet
Intravenous (Injection)
Strength: 40mg/vial
Child Dosage-
For Erosive Esophagitis associated with GRED –
Age Below 5yrs : There is no evidence of safety or efficacy.
Age Above 5yrs : The standard oral recommended dose for children between 15kg to 40kg is 20mg once daily for upto 8 weeks.
For children greater than 40kg is 40mg for upto 8 weeks.
Adult Dosage:
For Erosive Esophagitis associated with GRED:
The standard oral recommended dose for this disorder is 40mg once per day for upto 8-16 weeks
For maintenance of healing esophageal continue taking 40mg once daily
If oral administration not possible then this medication can be given intravenously (Injection) 40mg once per day for upto 7-10 days.
Treatment of GERD for short period:
The standard oral recommended dose for GERD disorder is 40mg once daily
If oral administration not possible then this medication can be given intravenously (Injection) 40mg once per day for upto 7-10 days.
Hyper-secretory conditions ( Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)
The standard oral recommended dose for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is 40mg once daily.
If oral administration not possible then this medication can be given intravenously (Injection) 80mg after every 8-12 hrs for upto 7 days.
Once the patient is able to swallow continue giving oral dose.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
For Duodenal Ulcer –
The standard oral recommended dose for duodenal ulcer is 40mg once per day for upto 2 weeks.
For Gastric Ulcer –
The standard oral recommended dose for gastric ulcer is 40mg once per day for upto 4 weeks.
Important Note:
To get the total benefits of this medicine take the medicine each day at same time.
Do not self-treat yourself with this drug always take suggestion from healthcare professionals
It is possible to get headaches or abdominal pain, if any of these problems remain or get worse immediately consult with your doctor.
Before taking this medication, inform your doctor about your medical history.
Older people may be sensitive to the side effects of the drug.
During pregnancy, this drug should be used only when absolutely necessary or prescribed by the doctor.
Swallow the full capsule or pill to avoid a potentially fatal overdose. Do not chew, break, open, or dissolve.
Do not continue taking of the drug without informing doctor.
Do not drink alcohol once you have taken the medication.
Do not increase your dose or use it more frequently or for longer than prescribed.
Follow the complete treatment prescribed by the physician, do not skip a dose in the treatment.
If you miss the dose, skip it don’t double it.
Various Brands:
References:
Escourrou J, Deprez P, Saggioro A, Geldof H, Fischer R, Maier C. Maintenance therapy with pantoprazole 20 mg prevents relapse of reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999
Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, Sung J, Hunt RH, Martel M, Sinclair P., International Consensus Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Conference Group. International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med.
Pantoprazole 20 mg is effective for relief of symptoms and healing of lesions in mild reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP)
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