Category - Antiseptic
Introduction:
It is an antiseptic skin disinfection before and after surgery. It is used to disinfect both the skin of the patient being cared for and the hands of healthcare workers. It is even treated for the infection in minor wounds. This medication is also treated to wash off the skin and surface of the eye before surgery to prevent infection. Skin infection occurs when microbes like fungus or bacteria invade the skin and affect the tissues.
Uses:
How to use:
Follow the steps:
Slowly clean the affected area with cotton soaked in the solution.
Then permit the solution to dry and cover the wound with a sterile gauze or cotton swab and apply it to the skin's affected areas.
After application of the medicine, cover the open wounds.
Both before and after using the product, clean your hands with water.
Storage conditions:
Store in a cool and dry place.
Duration between two doses:
Use up to 4 times per day. Applying topical povidone iodine for more than 7 days without a doctor's advice is not advised. Call your physician if you have any if these symptoms like sore throat is severe or ongoing after 2 days, or if you also have a high fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
Side effects:
There are some common side effects seen in this medication
Local symptoms like
1. Swelling
2. Irritation
3. Itching
4. Rash
It may have a corrosive effect due to the presence of iodine in its contents.
It is most commonly seen when topical povidone iodine is used in large amounts. Some people, including patients with kidney dysfunction, and those with thyroid disorders, should speak with their physician before using povidone iodine because they might be more sensitive to this medication.
Drug mechanism:
Pharmacodynamics:
Povidone-iodine is a type of iodine-based disinfectant that directly causes protein denaturation and bacterial precipitation in vivo, and even kills pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in sterilization and disinfection. It has low toxicity to humans and can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi and protozoa. Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Syphilis, Hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis are among the pathogens that Povidone-iodine aqueous solution effectively combats. A gynaecological topical semi-fluid colloid made of povidone-iodine with a hydrophilic matrix is known as povidone-iodine gel. A system that maintains sustained release. The non-stop release of free iodine permits the skin and mucous membranes to maintain an equal concentration of iodine that is effective in killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infections. It works by mixing with the vaginal fluid and killing more pathogenic microbes contained in the vaginal fluid, thereby stopping the spread and invasion of sexually transmitted diseases and infectious vaginal diseases caused by other types of bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics:
Povidone-iodine is called an iodophor, meaning that povidone acts as an iodine carrier. Iodine is believed to be the active moiety that mediates bactericidal activity. Once released from the complex, free iodine rapidly penetrates the microbial cell wall and its fatal effects are believed to be due to disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis. Iodine is believed to interfere with important microbial cell machinery and structures and to oxidise nucleotides, fatty acids, or amino acids in bacterial cell membranes, while the exact mechanism of action is still not entirely understood. In addition, free iodine interferes with cytosolic function. Iodine may also reduce inflammation brought on by pathogens and host defence mechanisms, according to in vitro data. Povidone-iodine modulates the host redox potential, inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and β-galactosidase, inhibits the production of metalloproteinases, and activates monocytes, T lymphocytes, and cells. It has been shown to enhance healing signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophage.
Safety measures:
When to see a doctor:
●Skin formulations may include swelling, itching, and rash. With overuse, povidone iodine can have corrosive effects due to presence of iodine.
●Blistering
●Crusting
●Nausea
●Vomiting
●Diarrhea to delirium, stupor, and shock. These are some rare toxic symptoms seen in people using this medication. If you get these symptoms then immediately call upon your physician.
Allergic reaction:
This medication has rare allergic reactions.
● Swelling
● Irritation
● Rash
Available dosage form:
Available as
● Ophthalmic solution 5%
● Antiseptic paint 5%
● Topical solution 7.5%, 10%
● Ointment 10%
Antiseptic paint - apply twice a daily
Ointment - up to 14 days apply once or twice
Adult: Throat Oral Hygiene- With 0.1% solution: Clean the mouth with 10 ml of the solution four times per day for 14 days, either undiluted or diluted with an equivalent quantity of water.
Cream: Put a tiny amount of this cream on the suffering region.
Available Brands:
Betadine
Aglodine
Agradine
Bestodine
Betakind.
Refernce:
Indian pharmacopoeia
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