Shravani Kulkarni

Sep 8, 2023

VITAMIN B

Introduction:

Vitamin B helps to process your body's use to get or make energy from the food you eat. They also help form red blood cells. You can get Vitamin B from proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products. Leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas also have B vitamins. There are various health benefits of taking vitamin B such as breakdown of carbohydrates and transporting nutrients through out our body, healthy brain function, cancer prevention, lower stress and chronic fatigue etc.

The vitamin B are:

They play an important role in releasing energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. They also help in reducing the risk of heart disease.

TYPES	SOURCES	USES
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) They help in body break down and release energy from food and keep the nervous system healthy	• Peas • Some fresh fruit (such as bananas and oranges) • Nuts • Whole Grain breads • Liver	It helps us to maintain proper blood vessels. Recommended for adults. Helps the body’s cells change carbohydrates into energy
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Keep skin, eyes and the nervous system healthy and the body release energy from food	• Milk • Eggs • Fortified breakfast cereals • Mushrooms • Plain yoghurt	Reduce oxidative stress and inflammation of nerves Metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and protein into glucose for energy
Vitamin B3 (niacin) The body releases energy from food and keeps the nervous system and skin healthy.	• Meat • Fish • Wheat flour • Eggs	Reduce total cholesterol levels up to 25% Converting the food we eat into energy
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) has several functions, such as helping the body to release food.	• Chicken • Beef • Liver and kidneys • Eggs • Mushrooms • Avocado	Playing a role in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates for energy.
Vitamin B6 They help the body to use and store energy from protein and carbohydrates in food.	• Pork • Poultry • Some fish • Peanuts • Soya bean • Wheatgerm • Oats • Bananas • Milk • Some fortified breakfast cereals	Important for normal brain development and for keeping the nervous system and immune system healthy.
Vitamin B7 (biotin) Biotin is needed in very small amounts to help the body make fatty acids. The bacteria that live naturally in your bowel are able to make biotin, so its not clear if you need any additional biotin from the diet. Biotin is also found in a wide range of foods, but only at very low levels	• Sweet potatoes • Broccoli • Egg • Bananas	To metabolize fats, carbohydrates, and protein. Diabetes management Hair health Improve skin and fingernails.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) It is an essential vitamin and medication used to manage and treat pernicious anemia, ileal resection, treatment of spinal cord myelopathy, and other conditions	• Meat • Poultry • Eggs • Milk	Use to manage and treat pernicious anemia, ileal resection, treatment of spinal cord myelopathy, and other conditions.
Folic acid It is an essential nutrient from the B complex group of vitamins. Folate as a cofactor, is involved in many intracellular reactions.	Fruits Green vegetables liver	To manage and treat megaloblastic anemia. Helps the body to make new healthy cells. Builds proteins.

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Functions:

They are critical cofactors for axonal transport.
Synthesis of neurotransmitter
Helps in many cellular metabolic pathways
Vitamin B are cofactors for many essential enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of RNA and DNA.
Catabolic and anabolic metabolism
Vitamin B act as coenzymes in several enzymatic process with many cellular functions and help in major functions of brain and nervous system.
Improves brain health
Disease prevention

How to take:

Take this medication by mouth, usually once daily or as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
If you're taking chewable tablets, chew the tablets thoroughly before swallowing.
If you're taking extended-release capsules, swallow the whole capsule. Do not chew or crush extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so, it can release all the drug at once may be increasing the risk of side effects.
If you're taking liquid medicine, use a medication-measuring device to carefully measure the dose. Shake well before taking the liquid product
Take this medication regularly for best benefits for your health.

Duration between two doses:

Take as directed by the doctor you can’t overdose on vitamin b daily. They’re water soluble, so make sure you take medication at a time. Even though vitamin B supplements are safe to consume, it is most beneficial to obtain these nutrients from food sources.

Storage conditions:

Store at a cool temperature but don’t freeze.

Side effects:

There are several medicines which can cause adverse effect with temporary symptoms such symptoms are

Mild upset stomach
Headache
Rash
Fatigue
Weakness

Drug mechanism:

Pharmacodynamics:

The synthetic form of Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamin, can be taken orally or through injections. It is absorbed in the small intestine and binds to proteins in the blood and tissues. Vitamin B12 is important for DNA synthesis and energy production. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and helps with megaloblastic anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms caused by B12 deficiency. In some reports, hydroxocobalamin has been suggested to inhibit nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase in vasoplegic shock, but this has not been confirmed.

Pharmacokinetics:

Cyanocobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, is quickly absorbed after injection and reaches its peak within 1 hour. It is transported in the body by B12 binding proteins. Cyanocobalamin is converted into a cofactor for metabolic processes in tissues. It is primarily excreted through the kidney, with 50 to 98% present in urine. Some cyanocobalamin is also secreted into the GI tract daily and most of it is absorbed back by the body.

Allergic reactions:

There are various allergic reactions to this medicine is not found yet but some have serious allergic reactions

Rash/itching
Swelling
Dizziness
Trouble breathing

If you experience some other kind of allergic reactions rather than this then immediately contact your doctor.

When to see doctor:

Before taking vitamin B supplements make sure your physician knows about your health condition such as:

Diabetes
Liver problems
Vitamin B12 deficiency

Safety measures:

If you have any of the following health problems, take a suggestion from your doctor and then intake vitamin B

If you have Crohn’s disease then take suggestion from your physician
If you are alcoholic use disorder, and your intaking liquid product then first take advice from your doctor
Malabsorption syndrome.
Less consumption of foods which are rich in vitamin B, such as animal product If you had surgery on your digestive system, including gastric bypass

Available dosage form:

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)Trusted Source, the recommended daily intake for women is:

B1: 1.1 milligrams (mg)

B2: 1.1 mg

B3: 14 mg NE

B5: 5 mg

B6: 1.3 mg

Biotin: 30 micrograms (mcg)

Folic acid: 400 mcg DFE

B12: 2.4 mcg

For men, the NIH recommends the following daily intake:

B1: 1.2 mg

B2: 1.3 mg

B3: 16 mg NE